Difference between revisions of "Anarchapedia"

Revision as of 17:28, 18 February 2007

Anarchopedia ist ein Wissensportal und eine anarchistische Online-Community. Das Projekt versucht, eine vielsprachige Enzyklopädie gemeinschaftlich mit speziellem Fokus auf Anarchismus und anarchistische Themen zu schaffen. Es basiert auf Freiwilligkeit, Konsens, Einmütigkeit sowie persönlicher Verantwortlichkeit und wird mit den anarchistischen Prinzipien von direkter Demokratie und Autonomie gestaltet.

Natur des Projektes Anarchopedia

Der Name

Das Wort Anarchopedia ist zusammengesetzt aus dem Begriff “Anarcho” (abgeleitet von Anarchist/Anarchie))und dem Begriff “pedia”, das aus dem altgriechischen paideia kommt und Bildung meint. (Das Projekt will ein zu kennender Ort sein, eine Basis anarchistischen Wissens, und auch ein Ort zum Studium und Austausch von Anarchismus).

Anarchopedia meint also die Idee, die eine Enzyklöpädie hat, und zudem die ganzen Möglichkeiten zu bieten, die durch ein Wiki dargestellt werden, um Wissen über Anarchismus zu entwickeln.

Arbeitsweise der Anarchopedia

Einige Artikel sind aus der Wikipedia importiert wurden und mussten überarbeitet werden. Das liegt daran, dass es in der Wikipedia nicht ungewöhnlich ist, dass prokapitalistische Standpunkte dargestellt werden oder pro-autoritäre Inhalte dargestellt werden, die mit dem anarchistischen Blickwinkel nicht vereinbar sind.

Anarchopedia existiert in verschiedenen Sprachen, darunter englisch, deutsch, polnisch, italienisch, russisch, spanisch und andere (davon einige wenig entwickelte). Es existiert - oder kann existieren - ein Projekt in jeder Sprache. Eine spezielle vielsprachige(meta Anarchopedia) gibt es auch, und kann für intersprachliche Koordination genutzt werden.

Ziele des Anarchopedia-Projektes

Ein anarchistisches Lexikon, das Ziel ist Lemmas und Themen zu klären, auf die sich die anarchistische Bewegung normalerweise bezieht. Unter anderem: der ursprüngliche Inhalt des Begriffes libertär und Libertarismus, die Aktionen oder politischen Theorien, die von den Libertären vorgeschlagen wurden, die Geschichte von AnarchistInnen und Anarchismus, soziale und ökonomische Fragen, anarchistische Persönlichkeiten und TheoretikerInnen, etc ...

Als ein Experiment anarchistischen Managements, Anarchopedia versucht, eine erfolgreiche Website und eine vorwärtskommende Gemeinschaft zu werden, ohne eine soziale Hierarchie zu entwickeln, wie sie in anderen Websites besteht, und gleichzeitig so weit wie möglich die Autonomie der Individuen und der in das Projekt einbezogenen Gruppen zu tangieren. Das macht Anarchopedia anders und womöglich einzigartig. Erfolg oder Misserfolg dieses Projektes wird AnarchistInnen und politische AktivistInnen lehren, ob und wie ein internetbasiertes soziales Netzwerk, das nach antiautoritären Prinzipien gestaltet ist, umgesetzt werden kann.

Characteristica der Anarchopedia

Das Anarchopedia-Projekt verfügt über spezifische Charakteristika, die es einzigartig machen:

• Das Projekt zielt darauf ab, ein Experiment in der Anarchie und im anarchistischen Management zu sein. Das Projekt basiert folglich auf einem Wiki (eine direkte kooperative Beziehung zwischen Herausgebern und Lesern erlaubend). Ein wiki erlaubt Schaffen und Veränderung durch jede mögliche Person jeden Artikels. Wiki ist ein Kollektivwerkzeug durch Arbeit von jedeM und allen, die beim Spezifizieren, beim Ändern oder beim Hinzufügen der Artikel das Lexikon bereichern können. Anarchopedia hat keine Admins (also keine Machstruktur). Alle Benutzer haben Adminrechte.

• Anarchopedia ist nicht in erster Linie als Diskussionsforum gedacht, und auch nicht als Webportal.. Trotzdem ist es möglich, Kommentare auf die Diskussionsseite jeden Artikels zu schreiben, falls Unstimmigkeiten auftreten oder um etwas zu bemerken. Anarchopedia is antikapitalistisch and antiautoritär.

• Die Artikrel der Anarchopedia sind nach den Bestimmungen der GNU Free Documentation License (bekannter in der Kurzform GFDL) nutzbar. So kann ein Individuum oder eine Organisation die Inhalte der Anarchopedia nutzen, soweit die freie Lizenz der Dokumentaion GNU beachtet wird. Siehe auch Anarchopedia:Copyright.

• Anarchistic points of view / APOV: as far as possible, any encyclopaedic writing in Anarchopedia must take part for one of the anarchistic point of view. The “neutrality of point of view” policy, such on wikipedia, is not considered too useful on Anarchopedia, because it relies on a central authority that should make decisions about the neutrality of an article and eventually carry out censorship when the article doesn't conform. Of course, it perhaps difficult to arrive to an anarchistic point of view in all the cases. On Anarchopedia, the writing rules aim at being appropriate to the rational people, even if those are not always of the same opinion. The anarchistic points of view indicate that all the facets of a discussed point must be evoked according to these points of view, and that the article must in no way of declaring, of implying or of even insinuating, that one from the points of view is that which is correct a priori. The anarchistic points of view do not imply however the representation with equality from these various points of view. Anarchopedia naturally grants place to from the traditional or recent anarchistic points of view, but nones from the being asserted point of view of certain worse anarchistic groupings (“anarchist”-capitalist, national-“anarchists”, - and in the kind in reconversion, or reappropriation, to be made a new image -). Right-wing, pro-state, and pro-capitalist POVs are not welcome on Anarchopedia. Moreover, if a point of view is for example only constant by certain groups of certain specific ideological tendencies, it will be described like that.

Operation of Anarchopedia

Modification of the articles

Concretely, each page of Anarchopedia has a button which any visitor, even not recorded, can click to modify, to add or remove what it contains. Each one can also create new pages, leading the site to grow.

For the edition of the pages, the wiki syntax, a kind of very simplified HTML language, makes it possible to format pages and to create links between them.

Principle of Wikis

Anarchopedia and its parallel projects are of the free “WikiWikiWebs”. Created in 1995 by “Ward Cunningham”, Wiki draws its name from the word hawaïen “WikiWiki”, which means “quickly”. Developed originally by communities of free software developers, Wikis are dynamic Web sites, of which any visitor can modify the page which it is reading. Thanks to this characteristic, on Wiki, the limit between the reader and the author tends to disappear. The syntax of the wiki is much simpler than the “HTML”, and it is enough to a few moments to learn it (two apostrophes to put in italic, three to boldface, two brakets for a links), nevertheless a toolbar is included in the interface to simplify the use of syntax (by buttons).

Anarchopedia functions with the free software “MediaWiki”. The data of Anarchopedia (present in a database), all languages can be downloaded starting from the direction SERVER + /dev/db/ of each anarchopedia.

Monitoring of the quality of the articles

The MediaWiki software, like all wiki-software, includes features that make it possible to facilitate the consultation and the management of the site. It is thus possible to constantly consult the last modifications made to the whole of the site (new pages, new contributions, recent Modifications…).

In Anarchopedia, the participants add their contributions to those of the others. Thus, they correct the errors of other writers and work together on the topics possibly discussed by respecting APOV.

All the history of the contributions is preserved: successive versions of the text, authors, reasons for the modifications, dates. It can be consulted while clicking on the “history" button. This permanent device of safeguard makes it possible to return to the need to a preceding version. Thus, even in the presence of vandal, the encyclopaedia is not endangered.

The anarchopedians can specify which article they wish monitor for modification, often those on which they intervened. It is thus possible for them to periodicaly check the evolution of the contents of the articles which interest them. MediaWiki makes it possible to post the text modified between two versions, even if they are not followed.

The followed articles can thus be corrected if erroneous information entered, or if the quality of the article drops: style, orthography, poor presentation, lack of clearness, need for a synthesis of the data. This system of follow-up of the articles also makes it possible to locate the acts of vandalism, and to restore the preceding version of the text.

In the event of dissent on the contents of an article, a argued debate proceeds in the page of discussion annexed to the article. This discussion forms integral part of the encyclopaedia, and its reading can be instructive on the delicate points to treat in the contents of the article. This page is accessible via the button “discussion”.

Participants

The contributors can optionally create an account with a name and a password, so their modifications can be tracked and their contributions attributed. Registered contributors can profit from a personal page and additional functionalities. In fact, the majority of the contributors are registered. There are currently some contributors in differents languages.

There is no “chief” in the project Anarchopedia, the project is entirely self-managed by its voluntary participants, and aims to be as decentralized as possible in self-management. To contribute to Anarchopedia, it is sufficient to read some of the internal documentation and possibly create an account.

An anarchistic encyclopaedia

Anarchopedia is an anarchistic encyclopaedia in the political sense of the term : its operation is founded on the autonomy and the self-management of Anarchopedians, and not on the authority (of some).

In this sense, it illustrates the famous saying of Pierre Joseph Proudhon : “Anarchy, it is the order, without the authority” (Confessions of a revolutionist).

On the other hand, Anarchopedia is the opposite of an “anarchy” within the meaning of a community struck by a state of disorder. Order is ensured by the individuals associated on anarchopedia.

Anarchopedians do not give orders to other anarchopedians. Mandates and tasks can be assigned to individuals during General Assemblies.

Anarchopedia and collective regulation

Why Anarchopedia doesn't break down ?

By its open organization and because of the absence of holders of authority, Anarchopedia can appear like a project very fragile, ready to be broken down under the attacks of vandals, or with being submerged by contributions in disaccord with a general consensus. Anarchopedia undergoes, from time to time, the effect of individuals who seek degrade his contents, to even erase its pages. As for the them, they always showed less perseverance or persistence than Anarchopedians, so it is unlikely that they would be able to damage the project permanently.

On final, a report is essential: there are more Net surfers wishing to work for the interest of the realization of Anarchopedia, than people who seek to harm it.

Why take part in Anarchopedia?

With the first access, to devote time to Anarchopedia may not appear a particularly attractive activity. It is necessary:

• to experiment and learn the operating mode of wiki and anarchopedia,
• to show humility by accepting that its texts are modified by other participants,
• to accept that others can have another approach on a question that oneself,
• to respect radically different or opposite opinions which are often debated, under the Anarchist Points of view.
• to devote time to ungrateful tasks like the correction of the spelling mistakes or the errors of working.

Criticisms

The growing success of Anarchopedia led a great number of people to formulate a critical opinion on the reliability of the information presented in this encyclopaedia. The statute of Anarchopedia as a source of reference remains a subject of controversy. The principal objections are as follows:

• the absence of filtering of the editors according to their competences, which involves the risk of inaccuracies, and more generally the absence of a reading panel guaranteeing the quality of the articles,
• the heterogeneity of the quality of the articles,
• the preference for the consensus of the editors after a reasoned debate, rather than for the argument of authority,
• anarchistic points of view, considered as an illusion or a political or cultural prejudice,
• the risk to seek the anarchistic consensus rather than the anarchistic truth, and to support the relativism in the name of the anarchistic Point of view, even if it means to tolerate unfounded speeches on subjects concerned with personal philosophy, or propaganda for groups for example,
• the anonymity of the majority of the contributors,
• the vandalism, supported by the open nature of wiki.
• the risk to see groupings using Anarchopedia to make propaganda, or many geniuses autoclaimed to disseminate eccentric information,
• the systematic existence of skew in spite of the concern from the anarchistic point of view,
• apparent lack of responsibility and references compared with other encyclopaedias,
• skepticism on the capacity of Anarchopedia, considering its operation based on a collective regulation, to improve quality of the articles, even the prediction of an inescapable walk towards the mediocrity,
• a great number of articles are appeared as a compilation of rough information, without the effort of synthesis which should characterize an encyclopaedic text,
• the contents of Anarchopedia are closely related to the centers of interest of its contributors, from where lacks in the panorama of knowledge.

Answers to the criticisms

TODO

Extent of the Anarchopedia project

There are a number of language-local editions of Anarchopedia. Among them:

• Anarchopedia (multi-lingual, for the discussions on the Anarchopedia project).
• english,
• german,
• polish,
• italian,
• russian,
• spanish,
• portuguese,
• Bahasa Indonesia
• Hrvatski
• Русский
• Српски / Srpski

History

Antecedents

The Anarchopedia project falls under a will to continue with “modern” means (Internet and wiki), the project of collection and organization of the knowledge on anarchism. The idea to gather the whole of knowledge on anarchism will be initiated by Sebastien Faure in the anarchistic encyclopaedia (1927), or by maitron in its works of history on the anarchists, and various anarchistic authors will gather documents or writings allowing a posteriori to carry out this base of knowledge on anarchism.

With the development of Internet, several people developed knowledge bases on anarchism by Internet (bibliotecs, writings, daily bleed, etc).

Origin of the project

Wikipedia will be another knowledge base under development, they will be one of the bases and inspirer of this project.

Anarchopedia project

Milos Rancic launched the Anarchopedia project (also as Anarchapedia) in September 2004, with multiple languages, differing from wikipedia in that every user is granted sysop status; thus launching a direct experiment of anarchy.

Anarchopedia started in "September 2004", the anglophone wiki in November 2004, and several other projects carried out thereafter.

Similar projects

• A parallel project, just in french language, and without sysop for all, was launched in november 2004 on zaup.org. that project merged with the anarchopedia project on 12 March 2005.

• A [Indonesian parallel project], just in Indonesian language, was launched ??? on [???]. that project merged with the anarchopedia project on 17 September 2005.

• A [polish parallel project], just in polish language, was launched in ???? on ????. that project merged with the anarchopedia project on 28 August 2005.

• A parallel project, just in danish language, was launched at august 11 th in 2005 on anarko.dk. that project merged with the anarchopedia project on 19 March 2006.

Other forms of diffusion of Anarchopedia

CD ? DVD ? P2P ? Papers ?

advance of Anarchopedia

Outstanding dates of Anarchopedia

Discussion-Reflexion-analyses

Principal indicators of the advance of Anarchopedia

to be made, with the statistics…

Draft reports

Quelle

Dieser Artikel ist eine Ãœbersetzung des Artikels Anarchopedia auf meta.anarchopedia.